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SOURCES
As in my earlier books my primary
sources were the newspapers and the Dictionary of National Biography.
These I read first to form my own opinions, and then I read the printed
histories primarily to see if I had missed anything important. Chronology is
the backbone of history, and it allows the reader to see the sequence of
events. Chronology too gives the author spaces he must fill in. He is not
allowed to jump from episode to episode selecting only those that fit his
theory, a besetting sin in writing Irish history. Nor is the writer allowed to
select ‘themes’ which fit his argument, a besetting sin in socialist versions
of history. On these latter the philosopher Karl Popper argued that you can
prove any theory you wish by selecting only the facts that support your theory.
Also by studying the primary sources first the temptation just to follow
earlier authors like sheep through a gap is avoided.
Because of the large size of
newspapers at the end of the nineteenth century it was not possible within a
reasonable timeframe to read the daily newspapers, so weekly editions were
used. These gave the essential facts. The Weekly Irish Times proved outstanding with its wide and sympathetic coverage of most
aspects of Irish life. Journals pertaining to particular professions were very
useful. Particularly useful were the issues of the Irish Constabulary
Gazette for they expressed the views of an important body of Irishmen. In
quoting these sources I tried to do so as far as possible verbatim, at times
changing only the tenses of the verbs. This at times resulted in a certain
inelegance but the flavour of the times and the immediacy are retained.
The Dictionary of National
Biography was another extremely useful source as there is an entry on
almost every important Irishman or people from Britain who spent some time in Ireland. The information given regarding Ireland might amount to only a few snippets, but put together in a
chronological framework they allow a picture to be built up. Just as this work
was coming to an end the online version of the New Dictionary of National
Biography became available. This is a revision of the old work but does not
render the older edition obsolete. In fact the old version is given alongside
the new, and it is useful to consult both for the incorporation of new material
often means that some of the older material must be omitted. But the new
version allows for re-evaluations of reputations which can be instructive.
The articles in the old edition
of the Catholic Encyclopaedia available in the online edition and on
CD-ROM are instructive in two ways. They give the relevant facts and canon law
on a particular subject. But they also illustrate the extraordinary
anti-Protestant bias of Irish Catholic priests of the period. Were it not for
the fact that the articles can be checked against other sources one would be
inclined to accept the versions of Irish history given by Catholic priests at
face value.
ABBREVIATIONS
1/- One shilling, the shilling being
one twentieth of a pound sterling
1/6 One shilling and six pence or
pennies, or twelfths of a shilling
A.O.H. Ancient Order of Hibernians
Bart. Baronet
C. of I. Church of Ireland
DMP Dublin Metropolitan Police
DORA Defence of the Realm Act (1914)
GOC General Officer Commanding
IAOS Irish Agricultural Organisation
Society
INTO Irish National Teachers Organisation
IRA Irish Republican Army
IRB Irish Republican Brotherhood
J. P. Justice of the Peace
LEA Local Education Authority
MP Member of Parliament
OBE Order of the British Empire
OED Oxford English Dictionary
op. cit. opus citatum
the work cited just previously
passim in
various places
R.E Royal Engineers
RIC Royal Irish Constabulary
RUC Royal Ulster Constabulary
S.J. Society of Jesus
T.B. Tuberculosis
UUC Ulster Unionist Council
UVF Ulster Volunteer Force
VAD Voluntary Aid Detachment
WIT Weekly Irish Times
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